Material and Methods: A total of 160 mandibular molar teeth which required endodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups. Group I teeth treated in single visit with single file rotary system and Group II teeth were treated in single visit with multi file rotary system. Results were compared between two systems based on occurrence of swelling, intensity and duration of pain, need for analgesics or antibiotics and time required to complete RCT. The obtained data was statistically analyzed.

Results: The results have showed that when a meticulous technique is followed then type of rotary instruments used does not significantly affects the results. However there was significant difference in time taken in completion of RCT between single file and multi file rotary endodontics.

Conclusion: The results conclude that single file endodontic systems and multi file endodontic systems produces comparable outcome in single visit RCT but time required for completion of procedure is less in single file as compared to multi file rotary endodontics.