Methods and materials: The present investigation was carried out on forty adult BALB/c male mice. The mice were divided randomly into 5 equal groups. Group I, a control group (n=8), which were injected with vehicle alone (canola oil, 5 mL/kg). The other four groups (n = 32) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 2- Nitropropane (100 mg/kg body weight dissolved in canola oil) 2 time/week for 4 weeks. At the same time of 2- NP injection, mice of the latter three groups were orally drinking water supplemented with fig extract, olive oil and mixture of fig and olive oil 50 (Mg/Ml)/ 4 weeks respectively. The gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were tested in submandibular gland of mice by RT-qPCR.

Results: The gene expression analysis showed that the 2-nitropropane caused statistically significant upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to the untreated control group. Elevated expression of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly downregulated by olive oil and fig treatment. Co-administration of fig with olive mixture markedly down-regulate the gene expression analysis TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to the 2-NP treated group.

Conclusions: The findings conclude that olive oil and fig extract may attenuate the alterations of 2-NP by down-regulating proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL6 and TNF α.