Objective. Analyze the literature about Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) from an orthodontic perspective.

Methods: Review of available literature in scientific articles indexed in PubMed, Cochrane Library and EBSCO about the effector mechanism of PGE2, its participation during orthodontic movements, as well as its beneficial and adverse effects.

Results: PGE2 acts in bone resorption through osteoclast activation and acts on osteoblasts to facilitate osteoclast genesis by increasing the secretion of the RANKL activator. It has been shown that osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts respond to mechanical stress with increased production of PGE2, rapid movement of the teeth is possible without causing root resorption, because they reduce tissue resistance during orthodontic movement. It has both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, its role is fundamental in the improvement of immunosuppressive functions, promotes the healing of peptide ulcers, angiogenesis and re-endothelization as well as the proliferation of stem cells and positive effect on gene therapies. Its acceleration of the G1-S cycle during mitosis can cause several types of cancer, including Kaposi's sarcoma.

Conclusion. Promoting therapy to accelerate orthodontic movement with this mediator should be carefully evaluated, taking into account the risk / benefit that PGE2 can cause.