Materials and Methods: PubMed was searched up using the keywords: “oral traumatic neuroma”, “neuroma dental implant” and “oral hematoma”. Works about oral surgery were considered.

Results: In some of the studies included in this review, traumatic neuroma was found following dental extraction; others following chin augmentation and sagittal osteotomy of the mandible. Implant surgery also appears to be linked to the development of traumatic neuromas.

Bilateral bifid mandibular canal is a rare anatomic variation which, if present, can lead to the neuroma following surgery of the lower third molar and the placement of dental implants. The vast majority of cases of hematoma are consequent to oral surgery (rarely have spontaneous hematomas have been described in patients taking antiplatelets or anticoagulants).

Conclusion: The literature shows a concrete risk of hematoma and traumatic neuroma following oral or maxillofacial surgery. Particular attention should be paid to patients with coagulation abnormalities.