Introduction: Periapical surgery has been indicated for the treatment of teeth with periapical lesions when disease persists despite orthograde periapical root canal treatment, a surgical approach may be indicated when periradicular pathosis cannot be resolved with a non-surgical approach.

Objective: To analyze the literature on influencing factors on endodontic surgery, particularly surgical considerations, root-end preparation, root-end filling, and treatment success.

Methodology: The search for articles was performed by a researcher in the Pubmed database. Keywords used were "endodontic surgery", "apicoectomy", "flaps", "osteotomy", "preparation of the root or apical end", "retrograde obturation" and "treatment success of endodontic surgeries".

Results: The surgical considerations, such as that the flaps can be full thickness or divided and a fundamental part is to achieve a good esthetic in the healing. In the osteotomy the important thing is the diameter in which it is performed, the larger the diameter, the more the healing process will be. Then a resection of the root end will be performed, mainly the apical 3 mm and 3 mm intraconducts will be prepared in a retrograde way with ultrasound tips. The obturation will be performed in a retrograde way where the most used materials for this step in the procedure are MTA and Biodentine. The success rate of this treatment is over 80%.

Conclusion: Endodontic surgery treatment is a highly complex and complicated procedure. In order to perform this treatment, good planning with CBCT studies should be carried out.