Objective: A literature review to analyze the etiopathogenic factors, clinical aspect, diagnosis, and treatment of dental abfractions.

Methodology: A compilation of articles published in the last 5 years 2017-2022 was carried out using the PubMed electronic database. Abstracts and full texts were identified that included information on the etiopathogenesis, clinical aspect, diagnostic, and treatment. The implementation of the search using operators AND, OR, and NOT. Within the keywords used for the search “abfraction” “etiopathogenesis”, “clinical aspect”, “diagnostic” and “treatment”.

Results: Abfractions have a multifactorial origin (diet, mechanical action) which is more associated with occlusal forces. Most abfractions have a cervical crescent shape. Diagnosis depends on knowledge of the etiology, clinical aspect, and clinical history. The difficulty of treatment depends more on the difficulty of having a good marginal seal.

Conclusions: According to the literature analyzed, the etiology of the affricative process is the product of inadequately distributed occlusal forces, which are concentrated in the cervical area. The therapeutics of these lesions can range from conservative treatments such as abrasives. However, more studies are needed to see the durability of this type of restoration. Therefore, education is important to avoid this type of injury.