Introduction: Root therapy in primary teeth aims to remove the necrotic pulp, to prevent premature tooth loss, and to maintain the primary teeth until exfoliation. Rotary systems allow for more effective root canal treatments.

Objective: To analyze the literature for the characteristics of the rotary systems such as root canal preparation, obturation time, post-operative pain and clinical success.

Methodology: A exhaustive research was performed in PUBMED, to find relevant studies about the use of rotary systems in pediatric dentistry.

Results: Rotary files provide a greater root canal preparation, show more conservation of tooth structure with less mistakes in comparison with other techniques. This technique simplifies the procedure, shows less post operative pain, and is reflected in the cooperation of the pediatric patient. Rotary files exhibit a significant cleaning efficacy and a greater bacterial removal that led to a significant clinical success.

Conclusion: due to the complexity of the primary roots and how precise the root canal treatment must be. The use of rotary techniques can improve root canal treatment of primary teeth.