Anatomical complexity can play a critical role in the success of endodontic therapy therefore the anatomical landmarks need to be identified and detected at the earliest to be treated. The objective of the study was to ascertain the anatomical factors that play a critical role in endodontic success. Teeth with complex anatomy like dens invaginatus, C-shaped root canal, additional roots, and taurodontism are some of the more common anatomical complications that may hinder proper endodontic treatment. The use of modern tools and diagnostic equipment plays a vital role in detecting these anatomical aberrations. With genetic and ethnic differences evolving with time all across the globe it is the current need of time to understand the importance of anatomy on root canal success.