Fibroepithelial gingival hyperplasia (FGH) is a benign, proliferative disorder characterized by an excessive growth of fibrous and epithelial tissues in the gingiva. The etiology of fibroepithelial gingival hyperplasia is multifactorial, with various predisposing factors implicated in its development. Local factors such as poor oral hygiene, chronic irritation, trauma, and certain medications have been associated. Systemic factors including hormonal imbalances, genetic predisposition, and systemic diseases like leukemia and hereditary gingival fibromatosis have also been implicated in fibroepithelial gingival hyperplasia pathogenesis.

Clinical management of fibroepithelial gingival hyperplasia involves a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating both non-surgical and surgical interventions. Non-surgical therapies, such as meticulous oral hygiene practices, removal of local irritants, and drug substitution, may be effective in mild cases or as an adjunct to surgical treatment. Surgical options include gingivectomy, in which the excessive tissue is excised, and gingivoplasty, which involves reshaping the gingival contours. Laser-assisted techniques have also shown promising results in fibroepithelial gingival hyperplasia treatment, providing better patient comfort and improved healing outcomes. Long-term management of fibroepithelial gingival hyperplasia necessitates regular follow-up visits to monitor the recurrence or persistence of the condition.