Vol. 10, Issue 4, Part B (2024)

Oral and maxillofacial surgery often involves significant tissue trauma, which requires careful management to ensure optimal healing. Nutrition plays a critical role in modulating the body's healing processes by influencing inflammation and immune function. Adequate nutritional support can minimize postoperative complications, enhance recovery, and improve surgical outcomes. The relationship between diet, nutrition, and dental health is particularly important in the context of oral and maxillofacial surgery, as oral diseases-whether congenital, infectious, traumatic, or neoplastic-can impair the ability to eat and drink, exacerbating nutritional deficiencies. Moreover, oral surgeries, which directly affect the mouth-the body’s primary route for nutrition-pose unique challenges, including heightened risks for infections and compromised healing due to the oral cavity's vulnerability. Malnutrition in these patients increases the risk of complications such as delayed healing, and can lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Vulnerable populations, including the elderly and immunocompromised, face even greater risks and may require specialized nutritional support through enteral, parenteral, or oral feeding methods. This review highlights the importance of preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative nutritional management to optimize healing, reduce inflammation, enhance immune function, and improve surgical outcomes. Recommendations for effective dietary management are also provided.