Introduction: The detection and management of anatomical variations in endodontic treatments, are crucial as failure to address these alterations can lead to treatment failure.

Objective: To analyze literature on anatomical variations such as radix, C shape, taurodontism and two-canal mandibular incisors in relation to their incidence rate, diagnosis and endodontic management.

Methodology: A literature review was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: "radix", "root canal anatomy", "micro-computed tomographic", "c-shape", "endodontic", "incisors with double canals", and Boolean parameters AND, OR and NOT.

Results: Radix was observed in mandibular first molar 2.6%, mesial periapical radiographs at 25 degrees, nickel-titanium rotary files and adjustment in the shape of the access to locate the fourth root, C Shape in 10% of mandibular second molars, cone beam computed tomography and the ProTaper system is recommended, taurodontism in premolars and upper second molar 4. 79%, clinical and radiographic evaluation and its management is by ultrasound, central two-canals 1.3% had two independent canals, will be diagnosed by CBCT and the use of dental microscope improves treatment.

Conclusion: The most common variations are C Shape and Radix, the easy to diagnose is taurodontism and the difficult the lower centrals with 2 canals, the one that will cause more problems is taurodontism.