Background: Periodontitis is a microbially associated, host mediated inflammation. To improve the results of the classic periodontal treatment, probiotics have been suggested to decrease the number of bacteria and the expression of mediators of inflammation. Probiotics are microorganisms, mainly bacteria, which benefit the host’s health.

Aim: The purpose of this review is to explore the literature to assess the effectiveness of different probiotic strains in the treatment of periodontal disease. In this study, we reviewed the literature on the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis.

Methodology: The electronic databases of PubMed, MeSH, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus were searched. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assess the action of any probiotic strain in the treatment of periodontal disease, RCTs that assess the action of any probiotic strain on counting colony forming units (CFU) of periodontal pathogens, Reviews, Systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

Results: A total of 6 In vitro and 10 Clinical studies were reviewed after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results shows that there was an improvement in the clinical as well as microbiological parameters.

Conclusion: Probiotics examined using in vitro and in vivo/preclinical models show promise for applications in a periodontal disease setting. Still further investigations has to be done for the evaluation of long term effects after the periodontal therapy.