Vol. 11, Issue 2, Part B (2025)

Introduction: The oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum is linked to several types of cancer. Understanding how this microbe promotes tumor growth could revolutionize cancer detection and treatment.

Objective: To analyze the literature on relevant aspects of Fusobacterium nucleatum, particularly its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, systemic and oral manifestations.

Methodology: A search strategy was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using a combination of keywords including: F. nucleatum, epidemiology, diagnostic, treatment and oral manifestations.

Results: Prevalence is shown in patients with colorectal cancer in Asia, especially in China, Japan and Iran, where they suggest its role as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of the disease through its DNA in affected tissues using techniques such as PCR that has shown high effectiveness in cancer studies along with laboratory tests such as next generation sequencing (NGS) and bronchoscopy. Its treatment is based on a combination of surgical interventions and the use of specific antibiotics in which they also recommend the use of probiotics to boost the immune response. Its manifestations contribute to a variety of periodontal diseases and it is associated with adverse symptoms in dental treatments.

Conclusion: Fusobacterium nucleatum is crucial in colorectal and oral cancer, acting as a biomarker for its detection and migrating from the mouth to the colon, highlighting the need for targeted treatments and innovative strategies such as probiotics and nanotechnologies to counteract its pathogenic effects and prevent related diseases.