Vol. 11, Issue 3, Part C (2025)

Single-visit Root Canal Treatment (RCT) has evolved from early experimental procedures in the 19th century to a viable, technology-driven approach in modern endodontics. This review traces its historical development, examines the scientific evidence comparing single- and multiple-visit protocols, and highlights their respective advantages and limitations. Literature consistently shows comparable clinical and radiographic success rates between both approaches, with single-visit RCT offering benefits such as reduced treatment time, decreased inter-appointment contamination risk, and improved patient convenience. However, challenges remain, including potential incomplete disinfection in complex anatomy, longer chair time, and higher technical demands. Advances in imaging, instrumentation, and obturation techniques have improved the predictability of single-visit RCT, making case selection crucial. Current evidence supports its use in appropriately indicated cases, while emphasizing clinician expertise and individualized treatment planning.