Vol. 11, Issue 4, Part B (2025)

Instrument separation is a significant procedural complication in endodontic treatment that can adversely affect the outcome if not managed appropriately. It commonly results from torsional stress, cyclic fatigue, or improper use of rotary and hand instruments, particularly in curved or calcified canals. The separation of a file within the root canal obstructs proper cleaning and shaping, leading to potential microbial persistence and compromised healing. Advances in technology, such as the use of dental operating microscopes, ultrasonic tips, microtubes, and specialized retrieval kits like the Masserann and IRS systems, have enhanced the clinician’s ability to locate and retrieve fractured fragments with greater precision and minimal dentin loss. The success of retrieval depends on factors such as the location of the fragment, canal anatomy, and available visibility. When retrieval is not feasible, bypassing or sealing the fragment within the obturation may be considered. Preventive strategies, including proper instrument handling, adequate irrigation, and awareness of instrument fatigue, play a vital role in avoiding separation. A thorough understanding of the causes, prevention, and retrieval techniques is essential to ensure the long-term success of endodontic therapy.