Vol. 11, Issue 4, Part E (2025)

Introduction: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an enamel disorder that affects a significant number of children and represents a clinical challenge due to its variability in severity, functional implications, esthetic compromise, and the need for specialized treatments.

Objective: To analyze the multifactorial etiology of MIH, its clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis, as well as current therapeutic approaches for anterior and posterior teeth, with the aim of promoting timely identification and adequate clinical management. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar using keywords such as “molar incisor hypomineralization,” “enamel hypomineralization,” “treatment,” “pediatric dentistry,” and “fluoride therapy,” prioritizing articles published between 2022 and 2024.

Results: Evidence indicates that MIH has a multifactorial origin involving genetic, environmental, and systemic factors that disrupt enamel maturation. Clinically, well‑defined opacities, porosity, and post‑eruptive breakdown are observed, increasing susceptibility to caries and complicating the differential diagnosis. For anterior teeth, minimally invasive techniques such as resin infiltration, microabrasion, and esthetic restorations have shown favorable outcomes. For molars, treatment depends on severity and includes composite resin, glass ionomers, prefabricated metal crowns, and, in severe cases, planned extractions. Digital technologies provide more precise restorative alternatives.

Discussion: The wide clinical variability of MIH and the absence of uniform diagnostic criteria hinder the development of standardized therapeutic protocols, and current evidence on long‑term treatment durability remains limited.

Conclusion: Management of MIH must be individualized, considering the degree of structural involvement and the patient’s esthetic and functional needs. Diagnostic standardization and longitudinal studies are essential to optimize clinical decision‑making.