Vol. 12, Issue 1, Part B (2026)

Orthodontic brackets remain fundamental to fixed appliance therapy, acting as the primary biomechanical interface for controlled tooth movement. Recent advances in digital orthodontics, material science, and manufacturing technologies have driven the evolution of bracket systems toward greater precision, efficiency, and patient-centered care. These developments have transformed traditional, standardized appliances into highly customized and technologically advanced systems. This review synthesizes contemporary innovations in orthodontic bracket design, broadly categorized into technology-driven and bracket-specific advancements. Technology-based developments include three-dimensional printed customized brackets, CAD/CAM-generated patient-specific appliances, nano-coated brackets with antimicrobial properties, smart brackets capable of real-time force monitoring, self-healing polymer brackets, and modern self-ligating systems. These innovations aim to improve torque expression, reduce friction, enhance bonding reliability, minimize enamel demineralization, and optimize biomechanical efficiency. In parallel, bracket-specific innovations such as Pitts 21™, variable torque bracket systems, dual-slot and bidimensional brackets, and designer-shaped brackets like WildSmiles® illustrate how advanced engineering principles are translated into clinically practical solutions. These systems emphasize enhanced three-dimensional control, smile-driven treatment planning, improved patient comfort, and increased treatment predictability while maintaining compatibility with conventional orthodontic protocols. Given the rapid expansion of bracket technologies, available literature remains fragmented. This review consolidates current evidence and design concepts to provide an organized overview of modern orthodontic brackets and their clinical relevance. Collectively, these advancements signify a paradigm shift toward personalized, precise, and efficient fixed orthodontic therapy.